{"id":2011,"date":"2026-06-27T22:46:21","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T22:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/?p=2011"},"modified":"2026-07-08T01:23:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T01:23:45","slug":"article-view-43","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/2026\/06\/27\/article-view-43\/","title":{"rendered":"PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL IN OIL WELLS: CASE STUDY OF GIALO FILED 59, EASTERN SIRTE BASIN, LIBYA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Views: 118<\/p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2011\" class=\"elementor elementor-2011\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b4eed7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0b4eed7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb64798 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb64798\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aac16b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8aac16b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbd3fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbd3fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/\">Home<\/a> \\ <a href=\"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/archives\/\">Archives<\/a>\\vol 2, No 1, 2026\\ Articles<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d124a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d124a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL IN OIL WELLS: CASE STUDY OF GIALO FILED 59, EASTERN SIRTE BASIN, LIBYA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6d3939 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d6d3939\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ca9445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ca9445\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bf776d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"0bf776d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-user-friends\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M192 256c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112S253.9 32 192 32 80 82.1 80 144s50.1 112 112 112zm76.8 32h-8.3c-20.8 10-43.9 16-68.5 16s-47.6-6-68.5-16h-8.3C51.6 288 0 339.6 0 403.2V432c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-28.8c0-63.6-51.6-115.2-115.2-115.2zM480 256c53 0 96-43 96-96s-43-96-96-96-96 43-96 96 43 96 96 96zm48 32h-3.8c-13.9 4.8-28.6 8-44.2 8s-30.3-3.2-44.2-8H432c-20.4 0-39.2 5.9-55.7 15.4 24.4 26.3 39.7 61.2 39.7 99.8v38.4c0 2.2-.5 4.3-.6 6.4H592c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48 0-61.9-50.1-112-112-112z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">ELMGARIAF, A.H., & ALGOMATI, A.E<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>DOI<\/b>:10.64587\/NOONSJ.v26i.3047<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b3599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c3b3599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/PDF_30_47_2006.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">pdf(Article)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df29ade e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df29ade\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe27a4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe27a4b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf0bd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cf0bd7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7124a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf7124a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Volume (2), Issue (1) , June 2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbcf066 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bbcf066\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6140a1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f6140a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u06292025.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-174\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u06292025.png 1414w, https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u06292025-212x300.png 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a3f58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"88a3f58\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-386a18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"386a18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Published: 06\/30\/2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d87c21 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d87c21\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c011d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c011d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Abstract: <\/b>Produced water management has become a critical challenge in mature oil fields due to the increasing water cut and stringent environmental regulations. This study evaluates the treatment and disposal system of produced water in the Gialo Field (Block 59), located in the Eastern Sirte Basin, Libya. The main objective is to assess the efficiency and operational performance of the integrated treatment facilities implemented at Gialo-1 and Gialo-2 stations. The adopted treatment process consists of sequential stages including primary separation in settling and skimming tanks, chemical injection (scale inhibitors, demulsifiers, H\u2082S scavengers, and oxygen scavengers), and secondary treatment using Induced Gas Flotation (IGF) units. The treated water is subsequently pressurized and reinjected into disposal wells to ensure safe environmental management and reservoir pressure maintenance. Field data indicate that the system handles produced water volumes exceeding 240,000 barrels per day, with oil-in-water concentration reduced from approximately 400 ppm at the inlet to about 150 ppm after primary treatment, followed by further polishing in IGF units to meet reinjection specifications. The integration of a Vapor Recovery Unit (VRU) and emergency handling systems enhances environmental protection and operational reliability. The results demonstrate that the implemented system provides an effective and technically reliable solution for large-scale produced water management. However, continuous monitoring, optimization of chemical dosing, and process control are essential to maintain performance under variable field conditions. This study highlights the applicability of integrated treatment systems as a practical model for managing produced water in similar mature oil fields.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-565e37d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"565e37d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Keywords<\/b>: Oil, water, crude oil-water separator, water treatment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72985b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"72985b8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-408ca0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"408ca0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>Abadi, A.M., van Wees, J.D., van Dijk, P.M., &amp; Cloetingh, S.A.P.L. (2008). Tectonics and subsidence evolution of the Sirte Basin, Libya. AAPG Bulletin<em>, <\/em>92(8), 993\u20131027. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1306\/02280807098\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1306\/02280807098.<\/a><\/p><p>Abouessa, A., Jonathan, P., Philippe, D., Mathieu, S., Philippe, S., Eddy, M., Mouloud, B., Mustafa, S., Osama, H., Michel, B., Jacques, J. J., &amp; Rubino, J.-L. (2012). New insight into the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Dur At Talah tidal-fluvial transition sequence, Eocene\u2013Oligocene, Sirt Basin, Libya. Journal of African Earth Sciences, <em>65<\/em>, 72\u201390. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2012.02.005\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2012.02.005<\/a>.<\/p><p>Ahlbrandt, T.S. (2001). <em>The Sirte Basin Province of Libya\u2013Sirte-Zelten Total Petroleum System <\/em>(USGS Bulletin 2202-F). United States Geological Survey. <a href=\"http:\/\/geology.cr.usgs.gov\/pub\/bulletins\/b2202-f\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">USGS Publication.<\/a><\/p><p>Barr, F.T., &amp; Weegar, A.A. (1972). <em>Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Sirte Basin, Libya<\/em>. Petroleum Exploration Society of Libya.<\/p><p>Bennion, D.B., Bennion, D.W., Thomas, F.B., &amp; Bietz, R.F. (1998). Injection water quality: A key factor to successful waterflooding. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 37(6). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2118\/98-06-05\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2118\/98-06-05.<\/a><\/p><p>Capitanio, C., Faccenna, C., &amp; Funiciello, R. (2009). The opening of Sirte Basin: Result of slab avalanching. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 285(1\u20132), 210\u2013216. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsl.2009.06.019\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsl.2009.06.019<\/a>.<\/p><p>Hallett, D. (2002). <em>Petroleum geology of Libya <\/em>(Vol. 1, pp. 265\u2013321). Elsevier.<\/p><p>Murray, K. E. (2013). State-scale perspective on water use and production associated with oil and gas operations, Oklahoma, USA. Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 47(9), 4918\u20134925. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es3040314\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es3040314.<\/a><\/p><p>Saheel, A., Bin Samsudin, S., &amp; Bin Hamzah, U. (2010). Interpretation of the gravity and magnetic anomalies of the Ajdabiya Trough in the Sirt Basin, Libya. European Journal of Scientific Research, 316\u2013330.<\/p><p>Sinha, N.R., &amp; Mriheel, I.Y. (1996). Evaluation of subsurface Paleocene sequence and shoal carbonates, south central Sirt Basin. In M. J. Salem, M. T. Busrewil, A. A. Misallati, &amp; M. A. Sola (Eds.), <em>The geology of the Sirt Basin <\/em>(Vol. II, pp. 153\u2013196).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Views: 118 Home Archivesvol 2, No 1, 2026 Articles PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL IN OIL WELLS: CASE STUDY OF GIALO FILED 59, EASTERN SIRTE BASIN, LIBYA ELMGARIAF, A.H., &#038; ALGOMATI, A.E DOI:10.64587\/NOONSJ.v26i.3047 pdf(Article) Volume (2), Issue (1) , June 2026 Published: 06\/30\/2026 Abstract: Produced water management has become a critical challenge in mature oil &#8230; <a title=\"PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL IN OIL WELLS: CASE STUDY OF GIALO FILED 59, EASTERN SIRTE BASIN, LIBYA\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/2026\/06\/27\/article-view-43\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL IN OIL WELLS: CASE STUDY OF GIALO FILED 59, EASTERN SIRTE BASIN, LIBYA\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vol2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2011"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2325,"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2011\/revisions\/2325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noonjs.laa.edu.ly\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}